List examples of different types of solutes and solvents.

First, let's distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, and solution:

• 
  Solute: A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent.

• 
  Solvent: A solvent is a substance that is able to dissolve a solute.

• 
  Solution: A solution is a mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

Solutes, solvents, and solutions can exist as solids, liquids, and gases.

Gas Solutions

Deep-sea diver's gas:

• solvent: oxygen (gas)


• solute: helium (gas)

Air and water:

• solvent: air (gas)


• solute: water (liquid)

Liquid Solutions

Oxygen in water:

• solvent: water (liquid)


• solute: oxygen (gas)

Vinegar:

• solvent: water (liquid)


• solute: acetic acid (liquid)

Salt water:

• solvent: water (liquid)


• solute: salt (solid)

Solid Solutions

Gas stove lighter:

• solvent: palladium (solid)


• solute: hydrogen (gas)

Dental amalgam:

• solvent: silver (solid)


• solute: mercury (liquid)

Silver in gold:

• solvent: gold (solid)


• solute: silver (solid)

In general, when solutes and solvents are chemically similar, they are more likely to form a solution. For example, a polar solute will tend to dissolve best in a polar solvent. Likewise, a nonpolar solute will tend to dissolve best in a nonpolar solvent.