Methyl orange is a compound commonly used in dying textiles. It is also a pH indicator. pH indicators turn particular colors when exposed to environments that are acidic or basic. Methyl orange is commonly used to monitor pH changes during the titration of weak bases with strong acids. Methyl orange is created from a reaction of sulfanilic acid, sodium nitrite, and dimethylaniline.
The color changes that occur in methyl orange are due to changes in the electrons associated with the attachment or detachment of hydrogen ions. Normally, the methyl orange molecule absorbs blue-green light. This causes solutions of methyl orange to appear red. When methyl orange is exposed to a basic solution, it loses a hydrogen ion resulting in changes that cause the solution to turn yellow.
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