History of Use
Dextroamphetamine is classified as a stimulant. The drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1976 and is available in generic and brand formulations. The abuse of this and other stimulant pharmacologic compounds, and the prescription rates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications, has increased since 2000. Prescription amphetamines, including dextroamphetamine, are abused to enhance focus, to lose weight, and to get high.
Effects and Potential Risks
Dextroamphetamine produces both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral effects. In the CNS, dextroamphetamine has a stimulant effect; peripherally it raises blood pressure and produces weak brochodilatory and respiratory stimulation. Additionally, stimulants in general are known to increase focus and attention, which can help students during their studies. Dextroamphetamine is abused by teenagers and young adults as a diet aid. The drug suppresses feelings of hunger, leading the abuser to eat less and lose weight.
Short-term risks associated with dextroamphetamine are similar to those seen with other stimulants. Persons with preexisting hypertension or cardiovascular conditions are at a higher risk for cardiac complications. Increased aggression, hostility, and mixed or manic episodes in people with preexisting psychiatric conditions have been reported. Long-term use can lead to dependence, and abruptly stopping the medication can cause withdrawal symptoms, including fatigue, depression, and sleep abnormalities.
Bibliography
Grabowski, John, et al. “Dextroamphetamine for Cocaine-Dependence Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.” Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 21 (2001): 522–26. Print.
Williams, Robert J., et al. “Methylphenidate and Dextroamphetamine Abuse in Substance-Abusing Adolescents.” American Journal of Addictions 13 (2004): 381–89. Print.
Wu, Li-Tzy, et al. “Misuse of Methamphetamine and Prescription Stimulants among Youths and Young Adults in the Community.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 89 (2007): 195–205. Print.
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