According to Science Daily, solubility is the process that occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent. A solution is composed of a solute and a solvent. The solute is the portion of the solution that is dissolved, whereas the solvent is the portion of the solution that does the dissolving.
In science, it is commonly said that “likes dissolve likes”. Due to the electronegativity differences between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a water molecule, water is quite polar. The hydrogens of water are slightly positive and the oxygen is slightly negative. Therefore, other charged and polar substances will dissolve in water.
Ionic compounds are composed of ions. Ions are fully charged atoms due the addition of or removal of electrons from their outer orbitals. Therefore, ionic compounds dissolve the best in water. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their cations and anions separate. The anions are surrounded by the hydrogens of the water molecules and the cations are surrounded by the oxygens.
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